Here you'll get the last 10 previous years' questions of Class 10th History for your Board Preparation.
1. Which of the following is true about the female allegory of France? (2011)
• She was named Marianne.
• She was the symbol of unity.
• Her characteristics were drawn from those of liberty & republic.
2. Which of the following states was ruled by an Italian princely house before unification of Italy? (2011)
Ans. Sardinia- Piedmont
3. Explain any four ideas of Liberal Nationalists in the economic sphere. (2011)
Ans. The four ideas of Liberal Nationalists in the economic sphere:
1. Liberal nationalists stood for the freedom of markets & the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods & capital.
2. They formed the custom Union or Zollverein in Prussia in 1834, joined by most of the German states, advancing the cause for a unified economic territory.
3. The Union abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over 30 to 2.
4. They stood for the creation of a network of railways that improved mobility harnessing economic interest in national unification.
4. Identify the French artist who prepared a series of four prints visualising his dream of a world. (2012)
Ans. Frederic Sorrieu
5. Explain the process of unification of Italy. (2012)
Ans. The process of the unification of Italy:
• During the middle of the 19th century, Italy was divided into 7 states, of which only one, Sardinia-Piedmont, was ruled by an Italian princely house.
• North under Austrian Habsburgs, the center was ruled by the Pope & the southern regions were under the domination of Bourbon kings of Spain.
• Unification of Italy started with the secret societies formed by Giuseppe Mazzini, like the Young Hay and the Young Europe.
• Chief Minister Cavour led the movement to unify the regions through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France, and Sardinia - Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859.
• Garibaldi with his armed volunteers called red shirts defeated the Bourbon kings of Spain feeling the kingdom of 2 Sicilia's,
• In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Hay.
6. How did culture play an important role in creating the idea of the nation in Europe? Explain with examples. (2012,13)
Ans. Culture plays an important role in creating the idea of the nation in Europe:
• Culture played an important role in creating the idea of a nation, art, and poetry, stories and music helped to express & shape nationalist feelings.
• Romanticism a cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment.
• Romantic artists & poets generally criticized the glorification of reason and Science and focused instead on emotions, intuition and mystical feelings.
• German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder claimed that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people - Das Volk. It was through folk songs, folk among the poetry & folk dances that the true spirit of nation was popularized.
• The emphasis on vernacular language and the collection of local folklore was used to carry the modern nationalist message to large audiences who were mostly illiterates.
7. Which one of the following treaties recognised Greece as an important independent nation? (2013)
Ans. Treaty of Constantinople.
8. What type of conservative regimes were set up in 1815 in Europe? (2014)
Ans. Autocratic
9. Explain the conditions that were viewed as obstacles to the economic exchange and growth by the new commercial classes during the 19th century in Europe. (2014)
Ans. Obstacles to the economic exchanged and growth by the new commercial class during the 19th century are:
• The absence of freedom of markets.
• State-imposed restriction on movement of good and capital.
• Time consuming calculations resulting from a difference in currency, weight and measurement.
• The first half of the century had low explosive population growth.
10. How had revolutionaries spread their ideas in many European States after 1815? Explain with examples. (2014)
Ans. Revolutionaries spread their ideas in many European States after 1815:
• They established many secret societies to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas
• They opposed monarchical forms of governments that were established after the Vienna Congress.
• They fought for liberty and freedom and thought the creation of nation-state as a necessary part of their struggle for freedom.
• Giuseppe Mazzini founded secret societies like Young Italy and a Young Europe for the Unification of fragmented Italy
• Following Mazzini's model, secret societies set up in Germany, France, Switzerland and Poland.
11. What was the main aim of the French revolutionaries? (2015)
Ans. The main aim of French revolutionaries was to oppose the monarchical form of government and to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.
12. How did nationalism develop through culture in Europe? Explain
Ans. Nationalism develop through culture in Europe:
• Culture played an important role in Europe to creating nationalism, example- the idea of the nation, art and poetry, stories and music helped to express and shape nationalist feelings.
• Romanticism was a cultural movement that sought to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment.
• Romantic artists and poets generally criticized the glorification of reason and science and focused instead on emotions, intuition and mystical feeling.
• German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder claimed that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people (Das Volk). It was through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances that the the spirit of the nation was popularized.
13. Describe any five steps taken by the French Revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity among the French people.
Ans. Five steps taken by the French Revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity among the French people:
• The ideas of fatherland (la patrie) and citizen (le citoyen) were spread to bring the notion of a unity community having equal rights and protected by a constitution.
• A new flag was chosen of tricolor to represent the nation and the royal standard was removed.
• The Estates General became the National Assembly and its members were elected by a body of active citizens.
• Hymns started to be composed, oaths taken & martyrs were commemorated to emphasize the idea of a nation.
• Internal custom duties & dues were removed & a uniform system of weights & measures you adopted
14. Who was proclaimed the king of United Italy in 1861? (2016)
Ans. Victor Emmanuel II
15. "The decade of 1830 had brought great economic hardship in Europe". Support the statement with arguments. (2016)
Ans. The decade of 1830 had brought great economic hardship in Europe.
• Enormous increase in population all over Europe.
• Population from rural areas migrated to the cities to live in overcrowded slums
• Small producers in towns were often faced with stiff competition from imports.
• The rise of food prices or a year of bad harvest. led to widespread pauperism in town and country.
16. "Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France but in the administrative field he had in corporated revolutionary peoples in order to make the whole system more rational and efficient." Analyse the statement with arguments. (2016)
Ans. Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France but in administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary principles in order to make the whole system more rational & efficient.
• All privileges based on birth were removed.
• He had established equality before law.
• Right to property was given.
• Feudal system was abolished and freed peasant from serfdom
• Guild restrictions were removed.
• Transport and communication systems were improved
17. Describe any three economic hardships faced by Europe in the 1830s. (2017)
Ans. Economic hardships faced by Europe in 1830s are:
• The 1st half of the 19th century saw an enormous increase in population all over Europe.
• Job-seekers were more and employment opportunities were less.
• People from rural areas migrated to cities and made cities over-crowded slums.
• Small producers often faced stiff competition from imports of cheap machine-made goods.
• Peasants struggled under the burden of feudal dues and obligations.
18. The 1st clear expression of nationalism came with the 'French Revolution' in 1789" Examine the statement. (2017)
Ans. The political and constitutional changes that came the wake of the French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens.
From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures & practices that could create a sense of collective identity among the French people.
• The idea of la Patrie (The fatherland) and le citoyen (The citizen) emphasised the notion of a united" Community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.
• A new French flag, the tricolor, was chosen to replace the former Royal standard.
• The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly.
• New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated all in the name of the nation.
• A centralised administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens.
19. Why were merchants from towns in Europe began to move countryside in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? (2018)
Ans. Merchants began to move countryside in 17th & 18th century.
• Merchants could not expand production within towns.
• The trade guilds restricted the entry of new people into the trade in towns.
20. Describe the explosive conditions prevailed in Balkans after 1871 in Europe. (2018)
Ans. Following factors were responsible for making Balkans the most tensed region in Europe in 1871:
• The Balkan states were fiercely jealous of each other and each hoped to gain more territory at the expense of the others.
• As the different Slavic nationalities struggled to define their identity and independence, the Balkan area became an area of intense conflict.
• Matters were further complicated because the Balkans also became the scene of big power rivalry.
• The Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variation comprising modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro whose inhabitants were broadly known as the Slavs.
21. How had Napoleonic code exported to the regions under French control? Explain with examples. (2019)
Ans. The Civil code of 1804 or the Napoleonic Code led to the introduction of many reforms which were already introduced in France and other parts of Europe.
• The Civil code was exported to the regions under French control in the Dutch Republic, Switzerland, Italy and Germany.
• This code simplified the administrative divisions.
• It abolished the feudal system and freed the peasants from serfdom and manorial dues.
• Guild restrictions were removed
2021 (Multiple Choice Questions)
1. Industrialisation began in which one of the following European countries in the second half of the eighteenth century?
Ans. England
2. Which type of governments were mainly driven in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815?
Ans. Conservative
3. Which one of the following group of countries collectively defeated Napoleon in 1815?
Ans. Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria
4. In which one of the following countries did the first liberalist-nationalist upheaval take place in July 1830 ?
Ans. France
5. Who among the following remarked "When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold"?
Ans. Metternich
6. Who among the following was the architect for the unification of Germany?
Ans. Otto Von Bismarck
7. Who among the following had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic during 1830s?
Ans. Giuseppe Mazzini
8. Assertion (A): After Russian occupation in Poland, the Russian language was imposed on its people.
Reason (R): The use of Polish soon, came to be a symbol of struggle against Russian dominance.
Ans. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
9. Read the facts regarding the Revolution of the Liberals in Europe during 1848 and choose the correct option:
1. Abdication of the monarch
2. Universal male suffrage had been proclaimed
3. Political Rights to women were given
4. Freedom of the press had been asked for
Ans. Only 1, 2 and 4 are correct.